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Lesson 8

Compound Percentages

Understand successive percentage changes.

  • intermediate

Formula

Final = Original × (1 + rate₁) × (1 + rate₂) × ...

📚 Compound Percentages

When percentages are applied one after another, they don't simply add up. Each percentage is applied to the new amount.

⚠️ Common Mistake:

A 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease does NOT equal the original!

1
Start: $100
2
+20%: $100 × 1.20 = $120
3
-20%: $120 × 0.80 = $96 (not $100!)
Final = Original × (1 + rate₁) × (1 + rate₂) × ...

Frequently Asked Questions

How do successive percentage changes combine?

Multiply the factors: a 20% rise followed by a 10% fall is 1.20 × 0.90 = 1.08, an 8% rise overall, not 10%.

Why doesn't a 50% drop undo a 50% rise?

Because the second change is measured from a bigger base: 100 up 50% is 150, and 150 down 50% is 75. It takes a 33.3% drop to get back to 100.

Practice

Work each one out, then check yourself.

  1. $200 increases by 10%, then decreases by 10%. What's the final amount?

    Hint: First: $200 × 1.10 = $220. Then: $220 × 0.90 = ?

    Show answer

    198

Final Quiz

0/3

Test what you learned. Pick the correct answer for each question.

  1. $100 grows 10% then drops 10%. Final value?

    $100 grows 10% then drops 10%. Final value?
  2. After two consecutive 50% increases, what happens to $100?

    After two consecutive 50% increases, what happens to $100?
  3. $1,000 grows 5% in year 1 and 10% in year 2. Final amount?

    $1,000 grows 5% in year 1 and 10% in year 2. Final amount?