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Урок 12: Статистика та перцентилі

Зрозумійте перцентилі, квартилі та статистичні відсотки.

📚 Statistics & Percentiles

Percentiles tell you what percentage of data falls below a certain value. They're used in test scores, income data, growth charts, and more.

Understanding Percentiles:

1
25th percentile (Q1): 25% of values are below this point
2
50th percentile (Median): The middle value - half above, half below
3
75th percentile (Q3): 75% of values are below this point
4
90th percentile: You're in the top 10%!
5
99th percentile: You're in the top 1%!

💡 Real-World Example

On a standardized test, if you scored at the 85th percentile, it means you performed better than 85% of test-takers.

Quartiles and IQR:

Quartiles divide data into four equal parts:

  • Q1 (25th percentile) - First quartile
  • Q2 (50th percentile) - Second quartile (median)
  • Q3 (75th percentile) - Third quartile

IQR (Interquartile Range) = Q3 - Q1

IQR represents the middle 50% of the data and is useful for identifying outliers.

Example: Income Percentiles

If the median household income is $70,000 and you earn $91,000:

1
You're above the 50th percentile (median)
2
If this is the 75th percentile, then 75% of households earn less than you
3
You're in the top 25% of earners!

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In a test with scores sorted, if you scored higher than 85 out of 100 students, what percentile are you at?

If you scored higher than 85 students, that means 85% scored below you

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If the median household income is $70,000 and yours is $91,000 at the 75th percentile, what percentage of households earn less than you?

The 75th percentile means 75% are below you

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